At the ConfluxOS operating system conference held on September 21, 2022, Shanghai Treemap Blockchain Research Institute released the ConfluxOS operating system for Web3.0. The press conference was guided by the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission and the People's Government of Xuhui District, Shanghai, hosted by the Shanghai Treemap Blockchain Research Institute, and co-organized by the Hunan Xiangjiang Treemap Information Technology Innovation Center.
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In today's world, technological innovation is the primary productive force, and the Internet revolution is our closest and most intuitive experience of this innovative concept. It has been 53 years since the world Internet was born, and it has been 28 years since China's full-featured access to the Internet. In the past 28 years, China's Internet has developed magnificently and quickly became the first driving force of productivity, driving the high-quality development of China's economy in an all-round way. The digital economy has become a new engine, new highlight, and new kinetic energy of China's economic development. As of 2021, the scale of my country's digital economy will reach 45.5 trillion, ranking second in the world in total.
The Internet is a major revolution in human communication technology and has had an extremely profound impact on human society. With the current iterative innovation of various information technologies, the Internet is showing a trend of evolution to the next generation Internet. This evolution may lead to a new round of information revolution, which will further profoundly change people's life, work and all aspects of society. In 1993, on the eve of the advent of Web 1.0, the Clinton administration of the United States issued the "National Information Infrastructure" strategic plan to vigorously build a "highway" in the information age, thereby gaining the global leadership of Web 1.0 and Web 2.0. After 30 years of development, the Internet is now at an important point in the evolution from Web2.0 to Web3.0.
Different from the common way of dividing generations by technical indicators (such as 2G/3G/4G/5G in the field of mobile communications or 28nm/16nm/7nm process in the field of chips, etc.), Web1.0, Web2.0, Web3 The .0 division is not in the technical indicators, but in the form in which the data is generated and processed. If the former is summarized as the development stage of productivity, the latter actually corresponds to different stages of production relations in the digital world.
To put it simply, the feature of Web1.0 is the "Information Internet" that focuses on reading. Professional websites (such as portal websites) are responsible for producing content, and users are consumers of content; the feature of Web2.0 is "readable + readable". The "social network" and "interactive Internet" of "Write" emphasize "interaction, sharing, and relationship". With the development of mobile Internet and network platforms such as YouTube, Facebook, Twitter, and WeChat, users are the main producers of content on the Internet. own works (including text, pictures, videos, etc.) and interact with other users. Regardless of Web1.0 or Web2.0, the Internet platform can rely on the control over data and algorithms to obtain the right to formulate rules and distribute benefits, and users lack autonomy in front of the Internet platform.
Web3.0 is characterized by the "Internet of Value" and "Internet of Contract" of "readable + writable + ownable", emphasizing user-centered "autonomous rights", empowering users to manage digital identities, control personal data, and supervise algorithm applications autonomy to reshape the trust and collaboration among Internet participants. Therefore, Web3.0 replaces the "black box" of the Internet platform with rules written in code, making the process of information processing fairer and more transparent, and guaranteeing the creator's ownership and income rights of the work through digital contracts, which can realize the ever-changing A digital production relationship that better matches digital content productivity.
In order to achieve the autonomy pursued by Web3.0, it is no longer possible to rely on the centralized server of the Internet platform to process data information. It is necessary to establish a neutral and credible computing platform as the digital infrastructure of Web3.0. The method of letter completes the replacement of the centralized platform in all aspects of data collection, circulation, storage, processing, and distribution. The blockchain consensus system is such a computing platform: the blockchain consensus nodes jointly maintain the data recorded in the blockchain ledger, calculate according to the smart contract code and reach a consensus on the results. In fact, a virtual computer is implemented in the consensus system , can provide neutral and credible data storage and computing services to the outside world. By invoking the blockchain consensus system, Web3.0 applications can ensure the credibility of key data and key computing links from being tampered with by malicious control.
But on the other hand, invoking the blockchain consensus system to complete data storage and computing tasks is different from the traditional new computing model based on centralized servers (including distributed systems and cloud computing), and the technical threshold is relatively high, especially when it comes to adapting It will be more complicated when configuring multiple blockchain consensus systems. Let application developers directly face the underlying consensus storage and consensus calculation of Web3.0, and develop applications for each blockchain system, which will inevitably waste a lot of energy, which is not a good solution. Therefore, in order to reduce the threshold and cost of application development and allow application developers to focus more on business logic, it is necessary to uniformly manage underlying distributed and multi-source heterogeneous computing resources technically, and provide packaged interfaces for application developers.
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Conflux OS operating system
ConfluxOS is a network operating system that follows the Web3.0 computing paradigm and manages and schedules Web3.0 underlying computing resources. Its running carrier is not a single computer or smartphone, but the entire Web3.0 network. Roughly speaking, the core computing resources of ConfluxOS do not come from local CPU, memory, hard disk and other hardware, but public services in the Web3.0 network, including data storage and computing capabilities provided by the blockchain consensus system, IPFS Data storage services provided, computing services provided by third-party service providers (based on trusted computing technologies such as TEE, MPC, and FHE), etc. ConfluxOS ensures the neutrality and credibility of data storage and computing by managing and scheduling these resources from Web3.0 network public services, and helps Web3.0 applications realize user autonomy over identities, data, and algorithms.
The ConfluxOS operating system is divided into four levels:
1. User client: In form, it is a program running locally on the user (mobile phone, PC), providing users with access to Web3.0 resources and applications, including Web3.0 browsers, application markets, personal accounts and digital identity management and other functions, and provide a graphical operation interface for running other Web3.0 applications. At present, ConfluxOS mainly provides mobile apps as user clients.
2. Productivity tools: Productivity tools for Web3.0 application operators, including NFT kits, DAO community kits, etc., realize out-of-the-box and code-free development through a graphical interface, reducing the technical threshold for producing and using Web3.0 products . The suite also provides an extensible API interface to support lightweight custom development and a variety of product forms. Conflux OS will also gradually launch productivity tools for other application scenarios.
3. Development environment: For Web3.0 application developers, Conflux OS will provide the front-end component library of the UI interaction layer and the development framework for middle and back-end business in the form of open source, middleware in the form of SDK or WebAPI, and test network, sandbox Box environment and other basic services. Web3.0 application developers can implement custom business logic within the existing development framework, and complete development tasks quickly and efficiently in the form of low-code development.
4. Underlying infrastructure: manage and schedule computing resources from the Web3.0 network, including selecting and locating blockchain consensus nodes, reading and writing data and performing computing tasks based on the blockchain system. ConfluxOS will first access the treemap public chain and the treemap alliance chain at the bottom layer as the infrastructure for consensus storage and consensus computing of Web3.0 applications. In the future, it will also access other Web3.0 resources such as Ethereum and IPFS.
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Significance of the Conflux OS operating system
Similar to the operating systems of PCs and smartphones, ConfluxOS, as a Web3.0 operating system, realizes a reasonable division of labor between system developers, application developers, and operators. Through a unified system interface and application development and operating environment, it effectively reduces the cost of The technical cost of developing and operating Web3.0 applications allows developers and operators to focus more on business logic, which is conducive to the vigorous development of the Web3.0 application ecology and even the entire "Metaverse" industry.
In response to the multi-chain coexistence of Web3.0 and the metaverse environment, and the rapid iteration of technology, ConfluxOS provides a unified interface to the application layer by encapsulating the underlying heterogeneous blockchain system, which can effectively solve the problem of cross-chain information intercommunication and multi-chain Problems such as high cost of deployment and adaptation. By integrating the underlying blockchain system, ConfluxOS is expected to bridge the fragmented ecology of the current Web3.0 industry to a certain extent.
ConfluxOS also provides users with a one-stop Web3.0 terminal entrance, which not only assists users to manage personal digital identities conveniently and quickly, but also provides audited, safe and reliable applications through the Web3. Losses from phishing websites, etc.
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Supplementary information: tree map blockchain
Tree graph consensus algorithmIt is a high-performance consensus sorting algorithm that adopts a tree-graph structure (Tree-Graph) to organize blocks. It has broken through the performance bottleneck of the existing blockchain system in terms of TPS and Confirmation Latency. On a blockchain network composed of tens of thousands of consensus nodes using proof-of-work (PoW), the tree graph consensus algorithm realizesHigh throughput over 6000 TPS, and at the same timeConfirmation time reduced to less than 23 seconds. In contrast, the throughput rates of Bitcoin and Ethereum are only 7 TPS and 40 TPS, and the confirmation time is as long as 1 hour and 10 minutes, respectively. In the field of blockchain underlying technology, the tree graph consensus algorithm has broken the monopoly position of Western countries, and its innovation and advancement have attracted widespread attention from academia and industry, and it has become Facebook's Diem (formerly known as Libra) The only Chinese-led blockchain project mentioned in the technical white paper of the alliance chain project.
Tree graph public chain (Conflux)It is a high-performance public blockchain underlying infrastructure based on the tree graph consensus algorithm.Throughput rate 3000 TPS,achieve428 times that of Bitcoin and 75 times that of Ethereum. The main network of the treemap public chain was officially launched on October 29, 2020. At present (as of September 15, 2022), the total number of accounts exceeds 24 million, the total number of transactions processed exceeds 114 million, and the number of consensus nodes online at the same time exceeds 5,000 (ranked among the top three in the world), with world-leading performance and security. With the support of stable cross-chain services and rich developer tools, the Treemap public chain has incubated hundreds of ecological projects.
Tree graph alliance chainIt is a high-performance blockchain underlying infrastructure optimized for alliance chain scenarios. Tested by China Electronics Standardization Institute (CESI Laboratory), version 1.0 of the tree map alliance chain can be found in100 consensus nodesnetwork implementation ofThroughput over 20000 TPSfirst level title
Supplementary information: IEEE P3217 standard
IEEEP3217 "Blockchain System Application Interface Specification" defines and regulates the interactive interface between the blockchain layer and the application layer of the blockchain system, the purpose is to standardize the interaction mode between the blockchain application and the blockchain consensus system, It enables application layer developers to be freed from the details of the underlying consensus system, and only needs to focus on business logic without being familiar with the differences of various blockchain systems.
If the blockchain layer and application layer of the blockchain system are compared to the operating system and application software of a traditional computer, the role of the IEEEEP3217 standard is similar to the IEEE 1003 "Portable Operating System Interface" that defines the UNIX operating system interface ( English is Portable Operating System Interface, abbreviated as POSIX) standard, also known as ISO/IEC 9945 standard.
POSIX is the general term for a series of API standards defined by IEEE to facilitate the development and operation of software on different versions of UNIX operating systems. Software developed following the POSIX standard can be easily ported to all POSIX-compliant operating systems, which is especially important for open source software that does not depend on specific operating systems. Therefore, the standard has been widely recognized by the industry and the open source software community. Common operating systems such as macOS and Solaris have obtained the official IEEE POSIX certification. Although Android, Linux, and Darwin (the core of macOS and iOS) have not received official certification, they are actually compatible with the POSIX standard. Microsoft’s Windows NT is also partially implemented. POSIX standard.
