After ten years of development, the blockchain has finally reached the initial stage of the "Internet of Ten Thousand Chains" level, and the two important NPCs in this level are undoubtedly Cosmos and Polkadot.
We have mentioned Cosmos before, so I won’t say much.
Today we will explain another Uranus project - Polkadot Polkadot. Polkadot Polkadot chain is one of several high-profile cross-chain projects in 2019, and its token symbol is DOT. Cosmos and Polkadot are also known as cross-chain duels. In this field, there is currently no third party whose technology and strength can compare with these two! If Polkadot is the king of cross-chains, then Cosmos is at best the king of cross-chains!
To understand Polkadot, one must first understand Gavin Wood, the founder of the project.
Gavin Wood, known as the invisible boss of Ethereum, is known as the "invisible brain". He is low-key and mysterious, but his status is light.
Gavin Wood is good at English, Italian, French, Spanish, and logic language. He likes taekwondo and skiing. He is also the designer of the famous board game Milton Keynes. He is also a doctor of visual music and the author of CD RiplnPleace.
He was the co-founder of Ethereum and the author of the Ethereum Yellow Paper!
Ethereum is actually proposed by V God, and Gavin Wood is the person who actually realized and built the foundation of Ethereum. Anyone who has studied the technology and history of Ethereum in depth knows the importance of Gavin Wood as the founder of Ethereum. Gavin almost wrote the earliest C++ version of the Ethereum client cpp-ethereum by himself, a god-like figure!
In 2014, Vitalik initiated the Ethereum project. He personally wrote the initial white paper, then initiated crowdfunding, and organized development. Gavin Wood joined Ethereum as CTO, and then wrote a classic-level yellow paper, explaining the most detailed logic and development of Ethereum. The architecture is described.
Later, due to various reasons, Gavin Wood left the Ethereum community and established ParityTech to redevelop the Rust language version of the Ethereum client: Parity according to cpp-ethereum. The CEO and co-founder of Parity is Dr. Jutta Steiner, a UK-based blockchain technology service company or technology infrastructure provider. The Rust language is known as ultra-high performance, ultra-high security, and ultra-high development difficulty, representing the latest programming language technology!
In 2016, on the eve of the Ethereum 2.0 development conference, the Geth client encountered double attacks from hackers and large-capacity spam, and the whole line collapsed.
In stark contrast, Parity survived thanks to Gavin Wood's excellent architectural design.
As a result, Parity became famous in the first battle, and the nodes of major mining pools rushed to join the Parity camp, and its status in the arena in the Ethereum system was officially established.
One of Parity's accomplishments, despite its previous missteps, has been the creation of a stable ethereum client. Although most developers will use Ethereum's Go implementation "Geth" initially. In practice, we have found that Geth nodes take more time to sync, often slower than Parity nodes. On the other hand, we found that Parity nodes would sync from scratch and be available within a few hours to a day.
The Parity technology stack can meet the needs of enterprises looking to take advantage of blockchain technology, such as the United Nations World Food Program and Energy Web's joint corporate members.
In the first half of 2019, the US pharmaceutical industry released and tested the MediLedger Network based on the Parity Ethereum blockchain node. The MediLedger Network was developed by Chronicled to meet the FDA's Drug Supply Chain Security Act (DSCSA), which went into effect in November 2019. The goal of this application is to enhance the authentication of authenticity of returned marketable drugs, and this authentication step is critical for wholesale distributors across the United States to return and resell prescription drugs.
According to the commitments made so far, MediLedger Network will process the certification of more than 80% of returned marketable drugs by the end of the year, and run decentralized software jointly with different members of the pharmaceutical industry, such as manufacturers, wholesale distributors, software service providers, Use the same protocol to connect to the network. Similar to other blockchain joint projects, MediLedger Network integrates the world's Fortune 500 companies and software service providers.
Known as the third generation of blockchain technology after Bitcoin and Ethereum - Polkadot
The history of Polkadot:
1. The Polkadot Network Proof of Concept 1.0 (PoC1) was released in May 2018;
2. Released PoC-2 in July 2018, introducing the mechanism of developing parallel chains, setting rewards and punishments for verifiers, and completed the libp2p application developed in Rust language;
3. PoC-3 was launched in January 2019, mainly including the GRANDPA/BABE consensus algorithm and the NPOS nomination proof of rights mechanism;
4. PoC-4 was launched in April 2019, and more functions were upgraded to further ensure the safety and reliability of Polkadot;
For example: What if one of the hospital researchers and the transportation department researchers feel that they don't have enough money and want to use the other party's data? This is the problem of information islands that have not yet surfaced, but are like an iceberg: public chains-private chains-alliance chains, and information between different chains in different industries are not interoperable.
This information exchange network is what the Polkadot cross-chain network can achieve, and it is currently in the testnet stage and is expected to be officially launched in February next year. Finally, with low cost, high security, strong compatibility of multiple chains, and strong compiling capabilities of different programming languages in different chains, data interoperability between chains can generate more value.
For example, as long as both the housing construction project and the pet project are connected to the Polkadot network, the housing construction project can also buy the indoor dust of residents with pets. This is the data you can't find on Wind, and it is also the scarce data you need for business, high-tech real estate companies and advanced databases.
The value stored by customers on one blockchain can be converted to add value to customers on another chain. This is the economic value contributed by cross-chain technology in thousands of industry data interactions.
5. Substrate was released in June 2019;
6. In August 2019, the Polkadot test network Kusama was released;
7. In October 2019, Kusama was converted to POS, unlocking functions such as node income, staking, and participation in online governance;
8. In November 2019, the autonomous version of Kusama CC-3 was released;
The first governance motion of the Polkadot test network "Kusama" was successfully passed. Proposal #1 was to "increase the number of validators from 100 to 120". The proposal was quickly passed by most members of the parliament and was fast-tracked by the technical committee. The whole process took only a few hours and finally required network nodes (about 2,400) to vote.
Polkadot can achieve interoperability, scalability, and shared security heterogeneous cross-chain protocols. It is a collection of blockchains composed of multiple blockchains and heterogeneous. The main purpose of Polkadot is to connect the current independent blockchains. Through Polkadot, communication and data transfer can be carried out between different blockchains.
The core idea of Polkadot is to distinguish the way transaction parties initiate and execute transactions and the way transaction parties uniformly record. Polkadot provides a basic relay-chain, on which many verifiable and globally synchronized data structures are built. These data structures are parachains or sidechains.
Blockchain applications can fork Ethereum, adjust according to their own needs, connect with the Ethereum public chain through Polkadot, or set different functions for different chains to achieve better scalability and efficiency. It is the cornerstone of the new peer-to-peer network. From the perspective of scalability, interoperability and developability, and governance, the Polkadot platform is powerful, which is conducive to realizing the vision of web3.
Because many blockchain consensus protocols unite them, it is important to make these distinctions early on. For example, the proof mechanism of workload proof is to select the appropriate recorder of the block; the longest chain determines which chain is the final chain; the cost of making proof is the punishment for violating the rules. In the Polkadot protocol, all of these questions are answered in isolation.
Because many blockchain consensus protocols unite them, it is important to make these distinctions early on. For example, the proof mechanism of workload proof is to select the appropriate recorder of the block; the longest chain determines which chain is the final chain; the cost of making proof is the punishment for violating the rules. In the Polkadot protocol, all of these questions are answered in isolation.
Both are cross-chain, what are the specific differences between Polkadot and Cosmos?
Simply put, Polkadot shares global security, while Cosmos is independent and does not share security.
Relay Chain and Parachains share security to make it easier to exchange messages. Another effect of shared security is that all Parachains use the same level of security, with the result that these chains can trust each other.
To understand this, let's take the example of interoperability between Ethereum (high security) and Verge (low security): if we want to represent Ethereum on Verge, we can represent it on the Verge blockchain Lock ETH and mint some ETH-XVG tokens, but due to the low security of Verge, an attacker may launch a 51% attack on Verge and send a double spend to the Ethereum blockchain, allowing the attacker to withdraw more than More ETH that he actually owns.
Therefore, when sending messages to each other, it is very difficult for a blockchain with high security to go back and trust a blockchain with low security. This is further complicated when messages are passed across multiple blockchains with different levels of security.
During cross-chain communication, our biggest concern is that one chain is in the process of reorganizing, while the other chain is proceeding normally, but Polkadot will ensure that if an invalid block is found, everything will be rolled back!
In contrast, Cosmos takes a completely different approach to cross-chain communication. Since each chain has its own validators in the Cosmos network, it is entirely possible that there may be some "malicious" Zone chains that contain colluding validators, which means that when a Zone chain wants to communicate with another Zone chain , Zone A needs to trust the Cosmos Hub and validators in Zone B. The state of each partition chain is secured only by the respective validators. If a partition wants to obtain strong security, it needs to establish its own validator set, which will be difficult for small teams.
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Disclaimer: The information published in this article does not represent any investment suggestion of the company, nor does it constitute any investment advice. The picture is from the Internet. If there is any infringement, please contact to delete it. Please note the source for reprinting.
