The consensus mechanism of the blockchain usually includes two aspects: the computer algorithm for reaching consensus, namely the consensus algorithm (Consensus Algorithm), and the rules for reaching consensus, namely the consensus rule (Consensus Rule). Our common consensus mechanisms include the following 8 types:

• This article introduces the concept, principle and function of the blockchain consensus mechanism, and makes a comparative analysis of common consensus mechanisms. Finally, the problems faced by the consensus mechanism, selection criteria and future prospects are discussed. To sum up, we believe that:

• The more open the system, the higher the cost of reaching consensus. On the premise of reaching a consensus, balancing efficiency, scalability, and resources is the pain point of the consensus mechanism. In view of the advantages and disadvantages of each consensus mechanism, we can try to combine different consensus mechanisms, that is, adopt a hybrid consensus mechanism. Of course, how to design the best negotiation mechanism in combination with the consensus mechanism according to local conditions will be the main direction of future research;The innovation is that,
  

• To reduce the complexity of the consensus mechanism, the market share of the consensus mechanism that consumes a lot of resources will gradually decrease, and those consensus algorithms that do not consume energy will be further developed.For some existing problems of blockchain,To combine the improvement of encryption algorithm and underlying storage technology, the consensus mechanism can exert the greatest effect

, such as zero-knowledge proofs, ring signatures, lightning networks, and more.