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2025-05-05 06:16:53
Vitalik: The quality of the underlying proof system of the L2 network is equally important and should gradually enter the second stage as it develops.
Odaily News In response to community member Daniel Wang's suggestion of #BattleTested for the naming of Stage 2 of the L2 network, Ethereum co-founder Vitalik responded on X Platform: "This is a good reminder that Stage 2 is not the only factor that affects security, the quality of the underlying proof system is equally important. Here is a simplified mathematical model that shows when to enter Stage 2: Each Security Council member has a 10% independent chance of "breaking"; we treat activity failures (refusal to sign or inaccessible keys) and security failures (signing the wrong thing or keys being hacked) as equally likely; goal: minimize the probability of protocol collapse under the above assumptions. *Stage 0 Security Council is 4/7, Stage 1 is 6/8; note that these assumptions are very imperfect. In reality, members of the Security Council have "common mode failures": they may collude, or they may all be coerced or hacked in the same way, etc. This makes both Stage 0 and Stage 1 less secure than the model shows, so entering Stage 2 earlier than the model implies is the best option. Also, note that the probability of a proving system crashing is greatly reduced by turning the proving system itself into a multisig of multiple independent systems (this is what I advocated for in my previous proposal). I suspect that all phase 2 deployments in the first few years will be like this. With that in mind, here is the chart. The X-axis is the probability of a proving system crashing. The Y-axis is the probability of a protocol crashing. As the quality of the proving system improves, the best phases move from phase 0 to phase 1, and then from phase 1 to phase 2. Doing phase 2 with a phase 0 quality proving system is the worst. In short, @l2beat should ideally show proving system audits and maturity metrics (preferably of proving system implementations rather than entire rollups so we can reuse) as well as phases. ”
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