frommirror, the original author: 0xfF5A
Odaily Translator |
Odaily Translator |
To be able to support the hundreds, thousands, and tens of thousands of blockchains in the future, the industry needs a paradigm shift. And this is precisely the original intention of Optimism to launch the "Superchain" Superchain.
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"Super chain" basic conceptHorizontal scalability requires multiple blockchains, but the traditional multi-chain architecture cannot satisfy,By using L2 to form a multi-chain ecosystem, each chain can be regarded as a commodity, that is, "interchangeable computing resources"
, this idea of commoditizing the blockchain allows developers to build cross-chain applications without introducing systemic risks and without incurring a lot of overhead when deploying applications on new chains. The concept of the blockchain itself can become abstract. At this time, the interoperable blockchain network can be regarded as a unit, that is, the "super chain"., regardless of their specific attributes, are considered OP chains if formally managed by the Optimism Collective, and are therefore part of the Hyperchain, sharing security, communication layers, and an open-source technology stack with each other. But unlike multi-chain designs, OP chains are standardized and intended to be used as interchangeable resources, which will allow developers to build applications that target the entire hyperchain and abstract away the underlying chain.
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"Superlink" attribute
In order to upgrade Optimism to a hyperchain, the following properties must be present:
Share L1 blockchain, purpose: provide total ordering of transactions across all OP chains.
A shared bridge for all OP chains, purpose: to make OP chains have standardized security properties.
Low-cost OP chain deployment, purpose: to deploy and trade on the OP chain without paying high fees for L1 transactions.
Configuration options for the OP chain, purpose: to enable the OP chain to configure its data availability provider, sorter address, etc.
Once Optimism satisfies these properties, it can be regarded as a super chain.
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Upgrade Optimism to "Super Chain"
In the "super chain" bridging security model, security (that is, validity) and liveness (that is, anti-censorship) can be guaranteed. Security is guaranteed by the proof system, and liveness is guaranteed by the ability to submit transactions directly to L1. The combination of safety and liveness means that if there is an anomaly in the OP Chain orderer, users can always submit transactions to L1 and L1 will migrate their usage to a new OP Chain with a properly functioning orderer.
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Optimism still needs to solve 6 pain points if it wants to upgrade to the "super chain"
There are still at least 6 pain points that the "Superchain" needs to solve before realizing the vision of a fully scalable blockchain.
Pain point 1: Withdrawal claims rely on a set of trusted chain proversPotential solutions:
The set of trusted on-chain provers could be replaced by introducing permission-free proofs, however the challenge with fully on-chain proofs is that there is no fallback mechanism if they are broken. To ensure that things never go wrong, a multi-authentication system that provides security through redundancy can be introduced.
Pain point 2: Cross-chain transactions are very slowPotential solutions:
Optimism's proof-of-failure imposes a user experience burden because of the need to wait for the challenge period to complete safely. This means that if your challenge period is long, users will have to wait a long time to migrate their assets from one OP chain to the next. Proof-of-validity can solve this problem, which has no challenge period and thus provides instant withdrawals from one OP chain to the next. However, validity proofs are usually implemented using zero-knowledge proofs (ZKP), which are expensive and error-prone, and it may take years for ZKP to be commercialized enough to become a major cross-chain communication protocol. A proof system that enables developers to provide low-latency bridging for low-value assets and high-latency bridging for high-value assets.
Pain point 3: Cross-chain transactions are asynchronous, breaking the ability to execute atomic cross-chain transactions (such as flash loans)Potential solutions:
By using a shared ordering protocol on both OP chains, it is possible to introduce synchronous cross-chain messaging and enable atomic cross-chain interactions. By combining low-latency inter-L2 messaging with shared ordering, it is possible to execute complex transactions such as cross-chain flash loans, and even go one step further and create an EVM abstraction where separate smart contracts (or even separate storage slots) exist in different on the chain.
Pain point 4: After the transaction is published to the super chain, it cannot be expanded, because the transaction data must be submitted to L1 with limited capacityPotential solutions:
Today, L1 Data Availability (DA) is not large enough to support Internet-scale scale, but by using the Plasma protocol to expand the amount of data accessible to OP chains, the protocol enables alternative DA providers to supplement the more limited L1 DA. The general Plasma protocol can be extended beyond the possibility of L1, because only users interested in transaction data will download Plasma data, while on L1, every Ethereum node downloads all transaction data on L1. Due to hashing's ability to reduce data of any size to constant-sized commitments, and the ability to process transactional data hashes in parallel, Plasma DA can be used to achieve near-perfect horizontal scalability of data commitments, which means that games or social Massively scalable applications such as media are placed on the Plasma chain.
Pain points 5 and 6: No simple framework to build scalable dApps utilizing the OP chain, no simple wallet to manage assets and dApps on the OP chainTools that can be built on top of the core superchain protocol, such as: content-addressable smart contracts - which allow contracts to have the same address on all chains; cross-chain contract state management standards - how to change the state of smart contracts from a Chain to another chain creation standard, enabling developers to shard their applications onto multiple chains; Superchain RPC Endpoint - Creates a single RPC endpoint where users can send their Superchain transactions regardless of their Which OP chain is intended to be used, enabling users to avoid constantly switching their networks. With a powerful multi-chain dApp framework, deploying cross-chain dApps may be as easy as deploying single-chain-specific dApps.
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Coinbase L2 Base is just the beginning
On the evening of February 23, the encrypted trading platform Coinbase announced the launch of the Ethereum layer 2 network Base test network based on OP Stack and reached a cooperation with Optimism. In fact, Base is a brand new L2 based on OP Stack.
As a core developer, Coinbase will join OP Labs to contribute to the mission of Optimism Collective, expanding the leading position of OP Stack as the most powerful public product, and Base will also return a portion of transaction fee income to the Optimism Collective treasury to further Realize the sustainable future vision of "impact = profitability".
The strong alliance between Optimism and Coinbase undoubtedly gave a good start to the development of the "super chain". In the short term, this cooperative effort will upgrade the Optimism main network, Base and other L2 to an initial super chain structure, and has Shared bridging and sorting, in the future, more L2 will be incorporated into the "super chain" ecology; in the long run, the "super chain" can develop into a huge network, maximizing interoperability and sharing Centralize the protocol and standardize its core primitives.
