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1、Polygon PoS
Polygon Proof of Stake (POS) is the most mature scaling solution in web3 and the best way to start web3 projects for global users.
Polygon PoS is an Ethereum sidechain compatible with EVM (Ethereum Virtual Machine). Unprecedented transaction speed and cost savings are achieved through solutions utilizing sidechains for transaction processing. At the same time, POS uses the Plasma bridge framework and a decentralized proof-of-stake (POS) validator network to ensure the security of assets.
Polygon PoS has the following characteristics:
speed
Intuitive and efficient bridging, deposits and withdrawals
Up to 7000 tx/s transaction speed means faster performance than Ethereum (15 tx/s)
Non-custodial architecture means users are in control of their keys
scalability
scalability
Compatible with major ERC standards
Secured by validators and checkpoints committed to Ethereum
Minimal downtime during 1.3 billion recorded transactions
flexibility
flexibility
Full EVM compatibility means deploying smart contracts directly on the Polygon chain
Composable blockchains mean you can build a wide variety of applications
Easily commute between Polygon and Ethereum
Easy-to-use wallet on web and mobile
cost
Fractional cost per transaction powered by Polygon's proof-of-stake architecture
The cost per transaction is about 10,000 times lower than Ethereum
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2、Polygon zkEVM
Polygon zkEVM is the first open source zkProver to provide full EVM opcode equivalence and Ethereum security. The original project was named Hermez, and it was renamed Polygon zkEVM after Hermez was acquired by Polygon in August 2021. In V God's EVM compatibility level classification, the current Polygon zkEVM is tied for the third level with Scroll, surpassing other ZK Rollups, and is at the forefront of the current ZK Rollup in terms of EVM compatibility.
Polygon zkEVM has the following properties:
strong and trustless
zk-SNARKs guarantee Ethereum-level security
High throughput of 2000 TPS
unmanaged architecture
Full ownership and control of assets (censorship resistant)
Data Availability on Ethereum Mainnet
The only decentralized zk-rollup
Fully open source and community driven
Seamless integration with Hermez REST API
Permissionless Coordinator Network
Decentralized Auction Model with Validation Reward Tokens
Governance Minimization Strategy
Simplify Token Transfers
Simple web and mobile app wallet
Low cost token transfer
Atomic swaps
Fees paid in a single currency
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3、Polygon Avail
Polygon Avail is a general-purpose, scalable, data-availability-centric blockchain for standalone and off-chain scaling solutions.
Avail has the following characteristics:
data redundancy
Each piece of data is erasure coded using polynomial interpolation
Redundancy makes it harder to suppress data
Light clients achieve ~100% confidence in data availability by executing a constant number of queries
low resource requirements
Availability guarantees without hosting a full node
Application clients can query only the data relevant to the application they are interested in without downloading the entire block
The system scales with the number of users, increasing the availability of data
polynomial commitment
Avail uses KZG polynomial commitment to avoid fraud proofs
The data of each block is submitted to the headers
Light client samples data and verifies using commitment openings
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4、Polygon Edge
Polygon Edge is a modular and scalable framework for building private or public Ethereum-compatible blockchain networks. It is guided by the principles of modular architecture and provides Ethereum compatibility to the network.
Polygon Edge has the following features:
Take Ethereum Smart Contracts With You
Users can interact with industry standard wallets via JSON-RPC
Developed with Solidity/Vyper, full EVM support
Build with widely adopted Ethereum tools, libraries, and development tools
Simplify UX when doing cross-chain operations
custom function
Build by developing plugins instead of forking
Developer friendly plugin system
Using consensus plugins to change core functionality
Going Beyond Ethereum's Smart Contracts Using a Runtime Plugin
Cross-chain communication
Fully trustless and decentralized built-in Ethereum bridge solution
Transfer assets between any EVM-compatible network, especially Polygon and the Ethereum mainnet
Transfer ERC-20 tokens, NFTs or wrapped native currencies
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5、Polygon Nightfall
Nightfall is an Optimistic Rollup for enterprise customers jointly established by Polygon and Ernst & Young. Nightfall's Optimistic-ZK rollup enables efficient and decentralized business transactions with privacy, opening up new possibilities for businesses on Web3. It is currently in the testnet stage.
Polygon Nightfall is an Optimistic Rollup designed to reduce the cost of transferring ERC20, ERC721 and ERC1155 tokens privately. It uses Optimistic Rollup to reduce transaction fees and zero-knowledge proofs for privacy. The Optimistic Rollup contract is deployed on Ethereum (layer 1). Proposers roll up transactions into blocks and submit them to the Optimistic contract. The challenger submits fraud proofs for any invalid blocks to the same contract. All information required to perform private transfers resides in the client, without relying on any off-chain third parties.
Example
Example
supply chain orchestration
Private NFT Marketplace
Private DAO Voting
transaction interest
Higher efficiency, higher throughput, only 12k gas per transaction
Confidentiality due to zk technology
decentralized
decentralized
Full ownership and control of assets
unmanaged architecture
Incentive LPs that provide instant withdrawal of fungible tokens can also meet the requirement of at least one honest validator
accessibility
Driven in the public domain and community
Provide SDK for development
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6、Polygon Miden
Polygon Miden is a layer 2 scaling solution for Ethereum. Miden relies on zero-knowledge technology (zk-STARKs) to “roll up” thousands of Layer 2 transactions into a single Ethereum transaction, increasing throughput and reducing transaction fees. At the heart of Polygon Miden is the Miden VM: a Turing-complete STARK-based virtual machine that provides a level of security and supports advanced features not currently available on Ethereum.
Polygon Miden has the following properties:
secure and scalable
Ethereum-level security provided by zk-STARKs
Transparent (no trusted setup) and post-quantum security
High throughput of 1,000+ TPS before sharding and 10,000+ TPS after sharding
Low transaction fees: more than 100 times lower than Ethereum's fees
secure and programmable
Arbitrary smart contracts written in Solidity and other languages
Account abstraction and other features not yet available on Ethereum
Formal verification of contracts is simpler due to the secure VM architecture
A clear roadmap for privacy-preserving smart contracts
open and permissionless
Fully open source and community driven development
Decentralized and permissionless network
Non-custodial architecture (full ownership of assets)
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7、Polygon Zero
Polygon Zero uses the speed of Plonky2 to achieve a more scalable and decentralized ZK L2. It offers rollup and validation modes, enabling users to achieve higher throughput and lower fees. What differentiates Polygon Zero from other ZK scaling solutions is the power of Plonky2, which generates ZK proofs faster than any other existing technology. Plonky2 supports efficient recursive proof generation, allowing Polygon Zero to scale horizontally, meaning that the throughput of the protocol is not limited by the weakest node on the network, but only by the total amount of computation available.
Polygon Zero has the following properties:
fast
Powered by Plonky2, the world's fastest zk proof system
Generate ZK proofs in 170ms on a commodity laptop
Ethereum Security Without Waiting
light
Stateless validators can store about 5 bits per active account
Proof size is only 45kb in size optimized mode
Execute transactions off-chain, effectively proving to Ethereum
Revolutionary zk-EVM
Fully Compatible with Ethereum Virtual Machine
Horizontal scaling powered by Plonky2
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8、Polygon Supernets
Polygon Supernets provide end-to-end services for building and supporting private blockchains. Eliminates the complexity of blockchain development without maintaining blockchain infrastructure.
Benefits of Supernets
Polygon Supernets enable quick setup of custom high-performance blockchain networks.
A decentralized validator set can be quickly launched with professional validator partners.
The Supernets service provides access to advanced tools and services.
Features of Supernets
EVM compatible
high performance
high performance
interoperable
In summary, Polygon is a framework for creating Ethereum-compatible blockchain scaling solutions. The extended solutions provided by Polygon include ZK Rollup, Optimistic Rollup and independent blockchain. Among the expansion schemes mentioned above, Polygon PoS is currently the most mature and well-known expansion scheme on Polygon, and the four projects of zkEVM, Zero, Miden and Polygon Nightfall form a matrix centered around ZK Rollup. Edge and Supernets are developer tools launched by Polygon. In the future, Polygon is committed to creating a more healthy and vibrant Layer 2 interconnection ecosystem for Ethereum.
This article is organized on the Polygon official website.
