What is Optimistic Rollup, the preferred solution to the expansion of Ethereum in the short term?
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Optimistic Rollup, how to solve the expansion problem in the short term.
According to the news on March 26, Optimism, the most high-profile expansion project of Ethereum, stated that the main network "roughly estimates" that it will not be publicly available until July.Optimism originally planned to announce the mainnet at the end of March. It is the first choice to solve the Ethereum expansion problem in the short term. Many people may have heard of the Rollup solution and know ZK and OP, but what is the difference between the two? Why V God is optimistic about ZK in the long term, but has to choose OP in the short term?Today I will talk about this topic with you, but I will mainly explain Optimistic Rollup to see how it can solve the expansion problem in a short period of time.The biggest difference between ZK Rollup and OP Rollup is that OP uses fraud proof, that is, it must be assumed that all data in the transaction is true, but in fact there will always be malicious data. Therefore, anyone and any node can question the data, and then roll back the data to LI, and the main network will perform verification calculations to determine the authenticity.This leads to a big problem. Assets from LI to L2 can be credited in real time, but it takes one week to return from L2 to L1. time for questioning.This is very unfriendly to users. I have to wait a week to transfer an account, and I believe everyone will go crazy. Although some companies try to solve this problem through asset bridges, like the Maker protocol, I will talk about this later.ZK uses zero-knowledge proof, which can achieve real-time transactions. Zero-knowledge proof means that the prover can convince the verifier that a certain assertion is correct without providing any useful information to the verifier.For example, I have the password of the room, but I am worried that the people next to me will find out, so how can I prove to everyone that I really have the password without the risk of the password being leaked? Now I can ask the verifier to put a marked apple in the room, and I got the marked apple smoothly, so that I can prove that I really have this password, and it also prevents me from being blocked when I enter the password. The people next to me saw it.Although the ZK scheme has advantages in both security and convenience, because zero-knowledge proofs are complex and require a lot of calculations, there is no general-purpose EVM yet, while the virtual machine and LI in the OP scheme are common.This is very convenient for ecological migration, largely because of this reason. The short-term solution to the expansion problem can only rely on the OP solution, but the superiority of ZK is also very obvious, but it takes a long time to design the EVM. In the long run , the final ZK plan is to overtake on curves.In terms of capacity expansion, we will first see the OP solution, so I will introduce how this solution works in detail below.
Rollup can actually be understood as a hybrid two-tier solution, which transfers the most complex part of calculation to the second layer, while the first layer retains some important information that has been compressed to prove the authenticity of the data provided by the second layer. Now it takes about 45,000 gas to execute an erc-20 token transaction on the Ethereum main chain, but in the Rollup scheme, the data stored in the LI layer is only 16 bytes, and the gas consumed is less than 300, so that the TPS can be greatly improved.This plan is equivalent to a workshop. When starting a business, the boss does everything by himself, including production, sales, and accounting. Later, the scale is getting bigger and bigger, and he is too busy, so he starts recruiting people. The production and sales are all handed over to others, and I only need to look at the account and review the contract in the office.The fraud proof of the OP plan is to ask each employee to pay a deposit in the company, and then for faster efficiency, the boss will pass every contract at first, but will not pay you, you need a After the week, there is no problem to pay again.During a week here, other employees or the employee who submitted the contract can retrospectively check whether there is any problem with the contract.If there is a problem, you can immediately raise it with the boss. The boss will take out the contract separately and calculate it again. If there is a problem, the contract will be typed back, and then the employee who submitted the contract will pay the deposit It will be deducted, part of the deposit will be rewarded to those who find the problem, and the other part will be confiscated (destroyed).This method is used to prevent employees from deliberately submitting problematic contracts, but a problem arises here. It must be assumed that the contracts submitted by each employee are ok, and then give about one to two weeks as a buffer.Friends who have opened a Taobao store should also know that the money paid by customers will be held on Taobao first. After a period of time without customer complaints, it will be transferred to your account. This is for merchants, and merchants do not There will be great opinions.But for an ordinary user of ours, I need to wait a week to transfer an account, which is definitely unacceptable, so although the OP solution can greatly reduce the gas fee, it needs to wait for about a week to prevent potential fraud. This long wait will still be a bottleneck in use.Fortunately, many other projects are making up for this shortcoming. For example, the Maker protocol will launch a fast withdrawal service.L1 to L2 arrives quickly, but L2 to L1 needs to wait for a week. How does Make solve this situation? Maker proposes a fast withdrawal Optimism Dai bridge, which is a method that can lock the main network DAI and mint Layer 2 oDAI An asset bridge, which also allows oDAI to be burned and then instantly exchanged back to DAI on the Ethereum mainnet.On the other hand, Make provides a token (fDAI) through the treasury. This token represents the right to claim DAI on the main network. fDAI can be circulated. The treasury also allows fDAI to be locked in exchange for newly minted regular DAI. The oracle is used for verification.Once the status is finalized, fDAI will be converted into regular DAI and destroyed by itself, and the treasury loan will be repaid with interest.But now the Maker protocol is not fully developed, and the delayed release of the Optimism team may also be due to the fact that the relevant matching functions have not been fully completed.However, although this solution has many disadvantages, it is still the best solution at the moment. It should be reminded that Optimism has not issued tokens, nor has it planned to release related tokens, so anyone on the market who talks about related tokens should be cautious.A practical financial writer who went from having nothing to a real "get" will accompany you on the road to wealth and freedom
A practical financial writer who went from having nothing to a real "get" will accompany you on the road to wealth and freedom
