The following is the transcript of the speech:
The following is the transcript of the speech:
Guo Jiannan: Good afternoon everyone, many guests have talked about how to do blockchain? and what are you doing? Today I will share with you how we do blockchain, mainly from the perspective of the open source community and some practices of IBM in the blockchain field. I am an IBM engineer and one of the developers of the Hyperledger Fabric project. I am now the technical co-chairman of the China Working Group, promoting some technology landing and open source development in China.
In fact, everyone has already talked a lot about enterprise-oriented blockchains and why you need alliance chains. We regard it as a distributed ledger (Distributed Ledger Technology, referred to as DTL). This also follows the development of accounting technology, from single-entry ledgers to double-entry ledgers to shared ledgers, not only high availability, high availability technology is actually very mature. It is even more trust and consensus on this ledger. In fact, many applications are now based on this foundation. I agree with what Mr. Li said just now, the blockchain may really change the world, but the process of changing the world is slow and needs to be taken step by step.
Some industries that have been applied to super ledgers in the early stage, such as financial services, supply chain and medical health, are also cases that we have come into contact with in the early days. Now introduce HYPERLEDGER. I believe that some of you here have heard of this project, or some people have used it, or it has already been put into production. First of all, it is an enterprise-oriented blockchain project, and HYPERLEDGER is not a project, it is a collection of projects.
At the same time, HYPERLEDGER is an alliance, which has more than 270 companies in it, and is committed to promoting the development of alliance chain technology. Therefore, there is also an alliance chain mentioned just now, which is a project hosted by LINUX FOUNDATON, but I want to say LINUXFOUNDATON There are many other projects. For example, you have heard of the cloud computing container management software Kubernetes, which is actually in the CNCF project managed by the Linux Foundation, and Node.js, which you are more familiar with. Linux provides a framework for open source project management and governance, which is equivalent to an incubator. So open source software is far more than just the code itself, but also community and governance. The project has been developed for 2 years, with 88K+ code submissions, 5 working projects, 5 framework projects, 2 stable release versions, and 8 other projects in the incubation stage. Now there are more than 270 member units and 9 Working groups, one of which is my China Technical Working Group, we will hold face-to-face activities around the world, and I am very grateful to Peking University and other units for their sponsorship.
The top five are framework projects, including the familiar Fabric, and Burrow, which is the first permissioned chain technology in Hyperledger to support Ethereum smart contracts. Indy is a blockchain framework for distributed identity. Iroha is a blockchain project from Japan, and Sawtooth is contributed by Intel, and it is also the second graduate from the Hyperledger incubation project after Fabric.
The next five are tool items. The first project, CALIPER, was contributed by Huawei and is a blockchain evaluation project, which can be connected to other blockchain applications. It has a set of evaluation system to monitor performance. For example, I participated in this evaluation, which has a standard framework and some indicators to evaluate the performance and functions of your blockchain.
The second is Cello, which is used to deploy the blockchain framework. In the final analysis, the blockchain is a piece of software. Cello can help you deploy the blockchain in a cluster, which can be a virtual machine or Kubernetes.
COMPOSEP is a tool for rapid development of blockchain applications. COMPOSER can directly define your assets, define the relationship between your assets and the people involved in the transaction. After explaining these three points, it will automatically generate code for you, which is equivalent to a code generator.
EXPLOREP is equivalent to a visualization tool. For example, it can help you see how many failed transactions there are in the blockchain network, which is equivalent to helping you identify some activities on the blockchain.
QUILT is an implementation of InterLedger, a cross-link protocol developed by W3C.
FABRIC is a relatively mature project in HYPERLEDGER, and its main feature is the licensing mechanism. For example, the permission of the alliance chain is divided into several layers. For example, who can submit blocks in the first layer, who can record and verify ledger data in the second layer, and who can submit or view transactions in the third layer. Different layers of FABRIC provide such a permission mechanism and some policies for everyone to configure. In fact, this is also one of the reasons that is equivalent to the biggest difference between the alliance chain and the public chain. First of all, I am in a business environment, I may be dealing with people I know, whether I believe you or not, first of all I know who you are, and my next step is to see if the data you submitted has been tampered with, or whether your data has been passed My approval and more. So it is a blockchain with an access permit.
The second feature of Fabric is modularity. We don't think there will be a large and comprehensive blockchain to solve all problems, and each blockchain framework has its own specific fields. Making it modular means that you can define it, and you can provide a set of built-in mechanisms.
In Fabric, smart contracts are written using a general purpose programming language (General Purpose Language), which currently supports Java, Golang and Node.js. Most branch companies are capable and willing to write smart contracts using general-purpose programming languages. In fact, smart contracts written on Ethereum can also run in Fabric.
Privacy protection is often mentioned in the alliance chain, such as what data can be viewed and what data cannot be viewed. Privacy protection is carried out in FABRIC. For example, price data from different suppliers may need to be protected, but orders or batches from different suppliers will be shared by everyone. It involves very fine-grained privacy protection functions. The last point is actually that the alliance chain basically does not need to mine or waste resources for consensus.
This is a global open source community, so we think localization is very important and welcome local Chinese developers to come here to contribute. In fact, your unit does not need to be a member unit of HYPERLEDGER, as a developer, you can participate in the contribution from an individual. Speaking with code is the ideal communication method for every technician. In addition, not only the code but also document translation and national secret support, basically most of the projects launched in China need national secrets, so this part of the work is also carried out in China.
Because I'm from IBM, I also have to mention what the company is doing in the HYPERLEDGER field. The first is a platform for food traceability with Wal-Mart, and the second is a platform equivalent to cross-border transfers. The third is the global supply chain platform built together with Maersk. The global supply chain is also quite complicated. That is to say, your container is shipped from Amsterdam to Shanghai, but your paper customs clearance has to follow the container around the world, so electronic is urgent need. The last one is a distributed identity network.
IBM also offers the IBM Blockchain Platform (IBP), a BaaS platform. A layer of encapsulation is provided on the Fabric. For example, if you use Fabric directly, the threshold may be relatively high. We encapsulate it for better use, so that everyone can directly develop business logic. For example, when you are cooperating with a cloud vendor, it is equivalent to transferring your operation and maintenance burden to the cloud vendor. The bottom layer can be deployed in different cloud environments.
I also encountered a problem before. Everyone said that if the blockchain is deployed on the cloud, will it become a centralized application? Not so. From the perspective of the cloud, blockchain is nothing more than a distributed application. The nodes that form a blockchain network can be dispersed on various public clouds and private clouds according to the demands of the participants. For example, a large company may have its own data center, while a small company expects to deploy nodes in a public cloud.
thank you all.
thank you all.
